Carcinogen: cancer-triggering substances Carcinogens (carcinogene) is a material which can lead to cancer or malignancy. Carcinogens can affect DNA or a protein whose role in the regulation of cell division cycle, such as the protooncogene or tumor supressorgene.
In general, carcinogens can be divided into three groups, namely chemicals, radiation, and viruses. The three groups always exist in nature, and is expected to experience a sharp increase in line with the development of culture or human behavior.
Chemicals
Cancer is a mysterious disease because the cause is not known with certainty. However, in 1908 the disease began to be studied because it was reported that the incidence of cancer is very high in chemical industry workers, but at the moment unclear relationship between the chemical-mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis. In the course of time bare in mind that the chemicals can trigger a malignancy because it can cause mutations in DNA. The occurrence of malignant disease are grouped into two phases, namely initiation phase and promotion phase. This can be explained if the material is carcinogenic enters the body, then in the body of this material is directly experiencing the process of detoxification and then excreted. In addition, carcinogenic materials in advance is metabolized in the body. Then, the next metabolically detoxified and excreted. If this process can not be done by the body, then the results of carcinogenic metabolites will hold a bond with the DNA chain, so that DNA becomes defective (defect). As a result of the disability of DNA, the body tries to do the repair of DNA, known as DNA repair. When DNA repair is unsuccessful, the relevant cell (cells that have abnormal DNA) will be executed or destroyed. If the execution process is not able to be done by the body, these cells have DNA that is permanent disability. This condition is known as the initiation phase. Furthermore, cells that have DNA defects will experience proliferation and differentiation, and develop into malignant (malignant). This condition is known as the promotion phase.
Cancer is a mysterious disease because the cause is not known with certainty. However, in 1908 the disease began to be studied because it was reported that the incidence of cancer is very high in chemical industry workers, but at the moment unclear relationship between the chemical-mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis. In the course of time bare in mind that the chemicals can trigger a malignancy because it can cause mutations in DNA. The occurrence of malignant disease are grouped into two phases, namely initiation phase and promotion phase. This can be explained if the material is carcinogenic enters the body, then in the body of this material is directly experiencing the process of detoxification and then excreted. In addition, carcinogenic materials in advance is metabolized in the body. Then, the next metabolically detoxified and excreted. If this process can not be done by the body, then the results of carcinogenic metabolites will hold a bond with the DNA chain, so that DNA becomes defective (defect). As a result of the disability of DNA, the body tries to do the repair of DNA, known as DNA repair. When DNA repair is unsuccessful, the relevant cell (cells that have abnormal DNA) will be executed or destroyed. If the execution process is not able to be done by the body, these cells have DNA that is permanent disability. This condition is known as the initiation phase. Furthermore, cells that have DNA defects will experience proliferation and differentiation, and develop into malignant (malignant). This condition is known as the promotion phase.
Some examples of chemicals that work directly lead to cancer (Direct-Acting Carcinogenesis) are as follows.
1. Alkylating Agents:
a. dimethyl sulfate;
b. B-Propiolactotte;
c. ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS).
2. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:
a. benz (a) anthracene;
b. benzo (a) pyrene;
c. dibenz (a, h) anthracerie.
3. Aromatic Amines:
a. 2-Naphtylamine (p-naphthylanzine);
b. benzidine;
c. dimethylarninoazobenzene.
1. Alkylating Agents:
a. dimethyl sulfate;
b. B-Propiolactotte;
c. ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS).
2. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:
a. benz (a) anthracene;
b. benzo (a) pyrene;
c. dibenz (a, h) anthracerie.
3. Aromatic Amines:
a. 2-Naphtylamine (p-naphthylanzine);
b. benzidine;
c. dimethylarninoazobenzene.
Basically the majority of carcinogenic chemicals have a property equally, that triggered a chemical gen.Bahan mutation that is as alkylating agents, which means that when individuals are exposed to these chemicals, then dart cell DNA on the individuals concerned will have "Alkylation" where there is methylation at base pairs Guanine nucleotide-ie having a 06-methylation of guanine or a bulky methyl group addition.
Source: fkunhas
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